Atoms
 Tampan 216, Paminggir people. Lampung region of Sumatra, 19th century, 55 x 59 cm. From the library of Darwin Sjamsudin, Jakarta. Photograph by D Dunlop.

When space-time events are objectified they are called atoms and often generically represented using the letter $\mathbf{A}$. So space-time events are also called atomic events, and when we call a particle an atom we presume that

• a well-defined position can be assigned to atomic events without making any further assumptions.
• a well-defined time of occurrence can be assigned to atomic events without making any further assumptions.
• a well-defined trajectory $\Psi \left( \bar{r}, t \right)$ can be assigned to atomic events without making any further assumptions.
• the helicity is like an electron rather than an anti-electron, so that $\delta_{ z} = 1$
• objectifed from an eight-part space time events so that we can make a description of sub-atomic events that uses the phase-angle and set $N = 8$

\begin{align} \theta_{ k} \equiv \theta_{\sf{0}} + \delta_{z} \frac{ 2 \pi k }{ N } = \theta_{\sf{0}} + \frac{k \pi }{4} \end{align}

Theorem: if the quarks in an atom are evenly distributed over events so that

$\sf{P}_{\it{k}} = \sf{P}_{\it{k} \sf{+ 4}}$

then the atom is in its ground-state.

 A tour around a generic quark model for a space-time event.

To Do: use linkage of k and phase angel to discuss coherence. E.g. a set of atoms and photons that have some incoherent interactions get their initial phase angles distributed evenly over 2π radians.

 Next step: sub-atomic particles.